The action of the CYP3A4 enzyme itself is to metabolize many medications. Furanocoumarins inhibit the CYP3A4 enzyme, including the P450 enzyme family responsible for metabolizing 90% of drugs. In the first, the effect is from natural furanocoumarins such as bergamottin and 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin, which occur in both grapefruit flesh and peel. Grapefruit and grapefruit juice have been found to interact with numerous drugs and in many cases, to result in adverse direct and/or side effects (if dosage is not carefully adjusted). Main article: Grapefruit–drug interactions Grapefruit mercaptan, a sulfur-containing terpene, is one of the aroma compounds influencing taste and odor of grapefruit, compared with other citrus fruits. Flavors range from highly acidic and somewhat sour to sweet and tart, resulting from composition of sugars (mainly sucrose), organic acids (mainly citric acid), and monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes providing aromas. Common varieties are yellow and pink pulp colors. Grapefruit varieties are differentiated by the flesh color of fruit they produce. In Haiti, grapefruit is used primarily for its juice ( jus de Chadèque), but also is used to make jam ( confiture de Chadèque). In Costa Rica, especially in Atenas, grapefruit are often cooked to remove their sourness, rendering them as sweets they are also stuffed with dulce de leche, resulting in a dessert called toronja rellena (stuffed grapefruit). Grapefruit juice contains about half the citric acid of lime or lemon juice, and about 50% more citric acid than orange juice. In a 100 gram reference amount, raw grapefruit provides 33 kilocalories and is a rich source of vitamin C (40% of the Daily Value), with no other micronutrients in significant content. Raw grapefruit is 90% water, 8% carbohydrates, 1% protein, and negligible fat (table). †Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults. Nutrition Grapefruit, raw, white, all areas Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz) Developed from an irradiated 'Hudson' grapefruit ('Hudson' being a limb sport of 'Foster', itself a limb sport of the 'Walters'), it has found limited commercial success because it is more difficult to grow than other varieties. The 'Star Ruby' is the darkest of the red varieties.
Its improved attributes of mutant variety are fruit and juice color, deeper red, and wide adaptation. The 'Rio Red' is a mutation-bred variety that was developed by treatment of bud sticks with thermal neutrons. The 'Rio Red' variety is a 2007 Texas grapefruit with registered trademarks Rio Star and Ruby-Sweet, also sometimes promoted as Reddest and Texas Choice. Using radiation to trigger mutations, new varieties were developed to retain the red tones that typically faded to pink. The Texas Legislature designated this grapefruit variety the official "State Fruit of Texas" in 1993. The 'Thompson' was a limb sport from a 'Marsh' grapefruit selected in 1913. It was a limb sport of a 'Thompson' grapefruit selected by A.E. The 1929 'Ruby Red' (or 'Redblush') patent was associated with real commercial success, which came after the discovery of a red grapefruit growing on a pink variety. This parasitism has led to millions in economic costs for nations in Central America and southern North America. The larvae of these flies then consume the fruit to gain nutrients until they can proceed into the pupae stage. suspensa, which lay their eggs in overripe or spoiled grapefruits. Grapefruits are one of the most common hosts for fruit flies such as A. 'Ruby Red' (of the 'Redblush' variety) was the first grapefruit patent. Its flesh is segmented and acidic, varying in color depending on the cultivars, which include white, pink, and red pulps of varying sweetness (generally, the redder varieties are the sweetest). The fruit is yellow-orange skinned and generally an oblate spheroid in shape it ranges in diameter from 10 to 15 cm (3.9 to 5.9 in). They produce 5 cm (2 in) white four-petaled flowers. The leaves are long (up to 15 cm (5.9 in)), thin, glossy, and dark green. The evergreen grapefruit trees usually grow to around 5–6 m (16–20 ft) tall, although they may reach 13–15 m (43–49 ft). Grapefruit growing in the grape-like clusters from which their name may derive
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